TOKO 4x5 COMPARISONS

Toko Wooden Folding 4x5 camera comparisons

First, a word (OK, several) and a few diagrams about camera movements.

View cameras are said to have four "movements" -- labelled "Rise and Fall", "Shift" (AKA "Slide" and "Lateral Shift"), "Tilt", and "Swing" -- and different cameras will differ widely in which movements they incorpirate, as well as how much of each movement they allow.

But actually, there are really only two movements on large format cameras because Rise/Fall and Shift are really the same thing, just as Tilt and Swing are the same thing. The only difference is the plane that they affect -- whether vertical or horizontal. Tilt and Swing are measured in degrees, while Rise/Fall and Shift are measured in millimeters.

First, let's take a look at Tilt and Swing. Tilt means slanting the front (AKA lens or lens holder) standard or the rear (AKA film or film holder) standard -- forward or backward. Swing means turning the front (AKA lens or lens holder) standard or the rear (AKA film or film holder) standard -- to the left or to the right. The only difference is the plane that they affect. Tilt is used to correct, or alter, the depth of field or image perspective on the vertical plane, while Swing is used to correct, or alter, the depth of field or image perspective on the horizontal plane -- as shown below:

Now, let's look at Rise/Fall and Shift. Rise/Fall means moving the front (AKA lens or lens holder) standard or the rear (AKA film or film holder) standard -- upward or downward. Shift means moving the front (AKA lens or lens holder) standard or the rear (AKA film or film holder) standard -- to the left or to the right. The only difference is the plane that they affect. Rise/Fall moves the image up or down on the film, vertically, while Shift is used to move the image to the left or right on the film, horizontally -- as shown below:

So large format camera movements are not as complicated as some are led to believe. After all, there are really only two movements. Of course, these movements can be used in combination to achieve the effect you want -- assuming that your camera allows the movement(s) that you need, that the bellows has enough flexibility to allow the movement(s), and that the lens has enough covering power to still cover the film after the movement(s) are made. And it should be noted that while Rise/Fall and Shift are basically the same if performed on the front or rear standard, Tilt and Swing will have very different results depending on which standard is moved. Tilting or Swinging the front or rear standard will adjust the subject plane that is in focus, while Tilting or Swinging the rear standard (not the front) also adjusts the shape of the image.

Keep this in mind, because if you need to adjust both the shape of the image and the plane of focus, you should adjust the rear standard first, and only then adjust the front standard.

A different movement, of sorts, that is very important to consider is the bellows extension of the camera. While most shoppers simply look at the shortest and longest settings of the bellows, it is more involved than that.

FIXED REAR STANDARD CAMERAS

The simplest, and least expensive, wooden, 4x5 field cameras have a fixed rear (film) standard. Typically, these cameras also have a maximum bellows extension of 12" -- which also reduces cost -- but, as a result, will only allow a 300mm (non-telephoto lens) lens -- focusing at infinity. The front (lens) standard is used -- moving forward or back -- to control the focus, such as with this Tachihara with a fixed rear standard:

You can easily determine if the rear standard is fixed because it lacks a control knob on the rear, while it has one on the front. With most of these cameras, the front focus is controlled by a gear & knob, but some are simply pushed back-and-forth by hand. This is even less expensive, but not as easy to use, nor as accurate.

The main, possible, drawback to a fixed, rear standard is with the use of wide-angle lenses. If the front standard is drawn back far enough -- assuming it will retract enough to focus the lens -- the front bed of the camera will stick out so far in front that it will appear in the bottom of the picture! This can be controlled IF the camera has enough tilt on the rear standard and enough tilt AND RISE on the front standard -- which many inexpensive cameras don't allow. This will not be an issue, of course, if wide-angle lenses are never used, but if they are, here is what the camera will need to handle.

On the left is a wide-angle lens where the front standard will cut-off the bottom of the scene. On the right, the bed is "dropped" in order to remove the camera bed. In reality, the camera bed is not dropped. The front and rear standards are tilted backward, and the front standard is raised up to match the rear standard position. Even if you can accomplish it, it is time-comsuming and cumbersome. With other cameras, you can avoid this situation completely, as you will see.

WIDE-ANGLE -- WITH bottom CUT-OFF VERSUS WIDE-ANGLE -- WITH "DROPPED-BED" AND WITHOUT bottom cut-off

FORWARD-MOVING REAR STANDARD CAMERAS

The most common, wooden, 4x5 field cameras have a rear (film) standard that moves -- as well as a typical, front (lens) standard that moves -- which allows BOTH standards to control the focus. Typically, these cameras also have a slightly longer maximum bellows extension of 13" -- allowing for closer focusing with a 300mm lens. Here is a Tachihara with this DUAL focusing capability:

You can easily determine if the rear standard focuses because it has a control knob on the rear, in addition to one on the front. With most of these cameras, the front and rear focus is controlled by gears, but some are simply pushed back and forth by hand. This, of course, is less expensive, but not as easy to use, nor as accurate.

The forward motion of the rear standard allows the use of wide-angle lenses without "dropping the bed":

But not all "Rear-Focusing" cameras are created equal. Most only allow the rear standard to move FORWARD. That's great and solves most problems -- again, assuming the camera allows the other movements that are needed -- but it doesn't solve all of the problems.

FLEXIBLE-REAR STANDARD CAMERAS

More advanced, wooden, 4x5, field camera have a more flexible rear standard -- one that not only moves forward, but that moves BACKWARD as well! This accomplishes two things. First, it adds extra extension, so these camera typically have 14" of extension -- or more! As a result, lenses longer than 300mm are much easier to use.

But it does more than allow for longer lenses. The front standard can be used of course, as usual, for focusing, but with a fully-flexible rear-standard, focusing can be controlled by the rear standard. Why is this important? It makes it much easier to get the picture that you want.

For any scene or subject, first select the point-of-view/direction. Then select the lens of choice for the desired perspective -- wide, normal, or tele. Next, set up the camera and front standard with an approximate amount a bellows extension -- enough extension to use the ground glass image -- to reposition the camera, composition, and magnification, as needed. Finally, use the rear standard to achieve fine, final focus -- forward or backward. This will keep the image perspective, composition, and magnification basically the same, plus focusing on the rear standard is much easier -- especially with higher maginifications. Changing the focus with the front standard will change the lens-to-subject distance, and thus the composition and perspective.

This table displays these movements, and other details, about several wood, folding, field 4x5 cameras. Wooden 4x5 cameras are not listed if the don't fold up -- there are several, such as pinhole cameras. Likewise 4x5 cameras with metal or plastic bodies are not listed even if they do fold up -- there are several, but tend to be heavy. Please note that many of these cameras were available in several different styles, even though the model number might be similar -- or exactly the same. So don't be surprised if the specifications shown here are different from the specifications of the camera you are looking at.

Toko
Nikki I

Toko
Nikki II

Toko
FL-451

Toko
FL-452

Anba Wood View

Bulldog 4x5

Calumet
Wood
Field

Calumet
Wood
Field XM

Chamonix
45N-1

Chamonix
45N-2

Chamonix
45F-1

Chamonix
45F-2

Chamonix
45Hs-1

Deardorff
Special

Ebony
SV45

Ebony
SV45U

Ebony
SV45U2

Ebony
SV45Ti

Ebony
SV45TE

Ebony
RW45

Gandolfi Precision G45

Osaka 45GF

Horseman Woodman

Iston

Tachihara 4x5 (model 1)

Tachihara 4x5 (model 2)

Tachihara 4x5 (model 3)

Rajah Cub

Rajah Junior

Ikeda 4x5

Nagaoka 4x5
(differnt
models)

Nagaoka 4x5
(type II)

Nagaoka 4x5
(type III)

Shen Hao PTB45-B

Shen Hao
TZ45-IIA

Shen Hao
TZ45-IIB

Shen Hao
TZ45-IIC

Shen Hao
HZX45-IIA

Wisner
Technical
Field

Wisner
Traditional

Wisner
Expedition

Wisner
Pocket
Expedition

Wista 45 DX

Wista 45 DX-II

Wista 45 SW

Zone VI

Minimum
extension

65mm
(2.5")

65mm
(2.5")

65mm
(2.5")

65mm
(2.5")

Minimum
extension

65mm (2.5")

same as Nagaoka #1

same as Tachihara

65mm (2.5")

45mm (1.75")

65mm (2.5")

Minimum
extension

65mm (2.5")

65mm (2.5")

65mm (2.5")

65mm (2.5")

65mm (2.5")

65mm (2.5")

65mm
(2.5")

65mm
(2.5")

65mm
(2.5")

45mm (1.75")

110mm (4.25")

75mm
(3")

75mm
(3")

50mm
(2")

same as Wista?
Minimum
extension

Maximum
extension

300mm (12")

360mm (14")

300mm (12")

360mm (14")

Maximum
extension

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

315mm (12.5")

330mm (13")

Maximum
extension

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

390mm (15.25")

360mm (14")

340mm (13.25")

340mm (13.25")

360mm (14")

18"
Maximum
extension

Front
focusing

140mm (5.5")
gear driven

140mm (5.5")
gear driven

140mm (5.5")
gear driven

140mm (5.5")
gear driven

Front
focusing

140mm (5.25")

Front
focusing

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

135mm (5.25")

140mm (5.25")

140mm (5.25")

Front
focusing

Rear
focusing

None

Forward: 50mm (2")
gear driven
Backward: 60mm (2.4")
gear driven

None

Forward: 50mm (2")
gear driven
Backward: 60mm (2.4")
gear driven

Rear
focusing

None

Forward only

Forward only?

Rear
focusing

None

None

Forward: 80mm (3")
gear driven

Forward: 80mm (3")
gear driven

None

Rear
focusing

Front Rise/Fall

75mm (3") up
75mm (3") down

75mm (3") up
75mm (3") down

75mm (3") up
75mm (3") down

75mm (3") up
75mm (3") down

Front Rise/Fall

70mm (2.5") up
70mm (2.5") down

60mm (2.25") up
60mm (2.25") down

Front Rise/Fall

45mm (1.75") up
35mm (1.5") down

45mm (1.75") up
35mm (1.5") down

23mm (1") up
43mm (1.75") down

23mm (1") up
43mm (1.75") down

37mm (1.5") up
32mm (1.25") down

Front Rise/Fall

Rear Rise/Fall

None

None

None

None

Rear Rise/Fall

None

Rear Rise/Fall

None

45mm (1.75") up
35mm (1.5") down

55mm (2") up
None down

55mm (2") up
None down

45mm (1.75") up
None down

Rear Rise/Fall

Front Swing

20^o left
20^oright

20^o left
20^oright

20^o left
20^oright

20^o left
20^o right

Front Swing

17^o left
17^oright

20^o left
20^o right

Front Swing

60^o left
60^oright

30^o left
30^oright

25^o left
25^oright

40^o left
40^oright

17^o left
17^oright

Front Swing

Rear Swing

12^o left
12^oright

12^o left
12^oright

12^o left
12^oright

12^o left
12^oright

Rear Swing

23^o left
23^oright

20^o left
20^o right

Rear Swing

30^o left
30^oright

10^o left
10^oright

10^o left
10^oright

10^o left
10^oright

20^o left
20^oright

Rear Swing

Front Tilt

90^o forward
40^oback

90^o forward
40^oback

90^o forward
40^oback

90^o forward
40^oback

Front Tilt

30^o

50^o

Front Tilt

60^o

40^o forward

90^o forward
20^oback

90^o forward
35^oback

90^o forward
45^oback

Front Tilt

Rear Tilt

20^o forward
28^oback

20^o forward
28^oback

20^o forward
28^oback

20^o forward
28^oback

Rear Tilt

40^o forward
30^oback

40^o

Rear Tilt

90^o forward
35^oback

90^o forward
22^oback

90^o forward
22^oback

90^o forward
22^oback

90^o forward
20^oback

Rear Tilt

Front Shift

none

none

none

none

Front Shift

none

20mm (0.75") left
20mm (0.75") right

Front Shift

38mm (1.5") left
38mm (1.5") right

36mm (1.5") left
36mm (1.5") right

12mm (0.5") left
12mm (0.5") right

36mm (1.5") left
36mm (1.5") right

None

16mm (0.6") left
16mm (0.6") right

none

none

Front Shift

Rear Shift

20mm (0.8") left
20mm (0.8") right

20mm (0.8") left
20mm (0.8") right

20mm (0.8") left
20mm (0.8") right

20mm (0.8") left
20mm (0.8") right

Rear Shift

16mm (0.6") left
16mm (0.6") right

None

Rear Shift

None

None

None

None

40mm (1.5") left
40mm (1.5") right

16mm (0.6") left
16mm (0.6") right

16mm (0.6") left
16mm (0.6") right

16mm (0.6") left
16mm (0.6") right

Rear Shift

Bellows

Black
Sheepskin

Black
Sheepskin

Black
Sheepskin

Black
Sheepskin

Bellows

Leather

Leather
Interchangeable

Leather
Interchangeable

Leather
Interchangeable

Leather

Leather?

Bellows

Leather?

Leather?

Leather?

Leather?

Leather?

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather
Bellows

Metal
components

Brass

Brass

Brass

Brass

Metal
components

Brass

Brass

Brass

Brass

Brass

Chrome

Metal
components

Chrome

Chrome

Chrome

Aluminum

Aluminum

Aluminum

Aluminum

Aluminum?

Brass

Brass

Brass

Brass
Metal
components

Films

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls
5x7 w/ adapter

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls
5x7 w/ adapter

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls
5x7 w/ adapter

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls
5x7 w/ adapter

Films

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
5x7 w/ adapter

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

Films

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls
Films

Lensboards

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Lensboards

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Lensboards

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.

Wista field, Toko,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, Nagaoka,
Ikeda, Osaka,
Tachihara, Bromwell,
Fujinon, etc.
Lensboards

Accessories

5x7 sheet adapter
Wista & others
accessories

5x7 sheet adapter
Wista & others
accessories

5x7 sheet adapter
Wista & others
accessories

5x7 sheet adapter
Wista & others
accessories

Accessories

?

?

?

?

?

Bellows extender,
5x7 sheet adapter

4"x4" to 3"x3" lensboard adapter

?

Accessories

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?
Accessories

Woods
available

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony
Special order

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony
Special order

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony
Special order

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony
Special order

Woods
available

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony

Cherrywood

Cherrywood

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony

Woods
available

Cherrywood

Cherrywood

Cherrywood

Cherrywood

Cherrywood

Walnut

Cherrywood

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony

Cherrywood
Woods
available

Weight

1.6 kg. (3.5 lbs.)

1.7 kg. (3.7 lbs.)

1.6 kg. (3.5 lbs.)

1.7 kg. (3.7 lbs.)

Weight

1.5 kg.(3.25 lbs.)

6 lbs.
1.7 kg. (3.7 lbs.)
1.5 kg. (3.25 lbs.)

Weight

1.2 kg. (2.6 lbs.)

1.2 kg. (2.6 lbs.)

1.2 kg. (2.6 lbs.)
1.4 kg.
1.9 kg. (2.6 lbs.)

1.9 kg. (2.6 lbs.)

2.3 kg. (5.0 lbs.)

2.4 kg. (2.6 lbs.)

1.5 kg.(3.25 lbs.)

1.5 kg.(3.25 lbs.)

Weight

Dimensions
(closed)
Height x
Width x
Depth

185mm (7.25") x
228mm (9") x
92mm (3.5")

185mm (7.25") x
228mm (9") x
92mm (3.5")

185mm (7.25") x
228mm (9") x
92mm (3.5")

185mm (7.25") x
228mm (9") x
92mm (3.5")

Dimensions
(closed)
Height x
Width x
Depth

mm (7.75") x
mm (9.5") x
mm (3.75")
210mm (8.25") x
210mm (8.25") x
80mm (3.25")
  mm (8") x
mm (8") x
mm (3.25")

Dimensions
(closed)
Height x
Width x
Depth

?

?

?
170mm (8.25") x
180mm (8.25") x
90mm (3.25") 190mm (8.25") x
190mm (8.25") x
110mm (3.25") 190mm (8.25") x
190mm (8.25") x
110mm (3.25") 190mm (8.25") x
190mm (8.25") x
110mm (3.25") 170mm (8.25") x
170mm (8.25") x
100mm (3.25")

Dimensions
(closed)
Height x
Width x
Depth

Years of
manufacture

1984(?)
-1985

1984(?)
-1985

1985 - ?

1985 - ?

Years of
manufacture

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Years of
manufacture

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?
Years of
manufacture

Comments

1984(?)
-1985

1984(?)
-1985

1985 - ?

1985 - ?

Comments

Made by Ikeda

Build it yourself kit

?

?

May be the same as the Wista DX II

?

same as Tachihara?

First 4x5 from Shen Hao

Comments

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Made in the UK
Comments

	Toko Nikki I	Toko Nikki II	Toko FL-451	Toko FL-452		Anba Wood View	Bulldog 4x5	Calumet Wood Field	Calumet Wood Field XM	Chamonix 45N-1	Chamonix 45N-2	Chamonix 45F-1	Chamonix 45F-2	Chamonix 45Hs-1	Deardorff Special	Ebony SV45	Ebony SV45U	Ebony SV45U2	Ebony SV45Ti	Ebony SV45TE	Ebony RW45	Gandolfi Precision G45	Osaka 45GF	Horseman Woodman	Iston		Tachihara 4x5 (model 1)	Tachihara 4x5 (model 2)	Tachihara 4x5 (model 3)	Rajah Cub	Rajah Junior	Ikeda 4x5	Nagaoka 4x5 (differnt models)	Nagaoka 4x5 (type II)	Nagaoka 4x5 (type III)	Shen Hao PTB45-B	Shen Hao TZ45-IIA	Shen Hao TZ45-IIB	Shen Hao TZ45-IIC	Shen Hao HZX45-IIA	Wisner Technical Field	Wisner Traditional	Wisner Expedition	Wisner Pocket Expedition	Wista 45 DX	Wista 45 DX-II	Wista 45 SW	Zone VI
Minimum extension	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	Minimum extension	65mm (2.5")		same as Nagaoka #1	same as Tachihara														65mm (2.5")	45mm (1.75")	65mm (2.5")	Minimum extension	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	45mm (1.75")	110mm (4.25")	75mm (3")	75mm (3")	50mm (2")								same as Wista?	Minimum extension
Maximum extension	300mm (12")	360mm (14")	300mm (12")	360mm (14")	Maximum extension	330mm (13")																	330mm (13")	315mm (12.5")	330mm (13")	Maximum extension	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	390mm (15.25")	360mm (14")	340mm (13.25")	340mm (13.25")	360mm (14")								18"	Maximum extension
Front focusing	140mm (5.5") gear driven	140mm (5.5") gear driven	140mm (5.5") gear driven	140mm (5.5") gear driven	Front focusing		140mm (5.25")																			Front focusing										Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes					135mm (5.25")	140mm (5.25")	140mm (5.25")		Front focusing
Rear focusing	None	Forward: 50mm (2") gear driven Backward: 60mm (2.4") gear driven	None	Forward: 50mm (2") gear driven Backward: 60mm (2.4") gear driven	Rear focusing		None																Forward only	Forward only?		Rear focusing										None	None	Forward: 80mm (3") gear driven	Forward: 80mm (3") gear driven	None									Rear focusing
Front Rise/Fall	75mm (3") up 75mm (3") down	75mm (3") up 75mm (3") down	75mm (3") up 75mm (3") down	75mm (3") up 75mm (3") down	Front Rise/Fall																		70mm (2.5") up 70mm (2.5") down	60mm (2.25") up 60mm (2.25") down		Front Rise/Fall										45mm (1.75") up 35mm (1.5") down	45mm (1.75") up 35mm (1.5") down	23mm (1") up 43mm (1.75") down	23mm (1") up 43mm (1.75") down	37mm (1.5") up 32mm (1.25") down									Front Rise/Fall
Rear Rise/Fall	None	None	None	None	Rear Rise/Fall																			None		Rear Rise/Fall										None	45mm (1.75") up 35mm (1.5") down	55mm (2") up None down	55mm (2") up None down	45mm (1.75") up None down									Rear Rise/Fall
Front Swing	20^o left 20^oright	20^o left 20^oright	20^o left 20^oright	20^o left 20^o right	Front Swing																		17^o left 17^oright	20^o left 20^o right		Front Swing										60^o left 60^oright	30^o left 30^oright	25^o left 25^oright	40^o left 40^oright	17^o left 17^oright									Front Swing
Rear Swing	12^o left 12^oright	12^o left 12^oright	12^o left 12^oright	12^o left 12^oright	Rear Swing																		23^o left 23^oright	20^o left 20^o right		Rear Swing										30^o left 30^oright	10^o left 10^oright	10^o left 10^oright	10^o left 10^oright	20^o left 20^oright									Rear Swing
Front Tilt	90^o forward 40^oback	90^o forward 40^oback	90^o forward 40^oback	90^o forward 40^oback	Front Tilt																		30^o	50^o		Front Tilt										60^o	40^o forward	90^o forward 20^oback	90^o forward 35^oback	90^o forward 45^oback									Front Tilt
Rear Tilt	20^o forward 28^oback	20^o forward 28^oback	20^o forward 28^oback	20^o forward 28^oback	Rear Tilt																		40^o forward 30^oback	40^o		Rear Tilt										90^o forward 35^oback	90^o forward 22^oback	90^o forward 22^oback	90^o forward 22^oback	90^o forward 20^oback									Rear Tilt
Front Shift	none	none	none	none	Front Shift		none																	20mm (0.75") left 20mm (0.75") right		Front Shift										38mm (1.5") left 38mm (1.5") right	36mm (1.5") left 36mm (1.5") right	12mm (0.5") left 12mm (0.5") right	36mm (1.5") left 36mm (1.5") right	None					16mm (0.6") left 16mm (0.6") right	none	none		Front Shift
Rear Shift	20mm (0.8") left 20mm (0.8") right	20mm (0.8") left 20mm (0.8") right	20mm (0.8") left 20mm (0.8") right	20mm (0.8") left 20mm (0.8") right	Rear Shift		16mm (0.6") left 16mm (0.6") right																	None		Rear Shift										None	None	None	None	40mm (1.5") left 40mm (1.5") right					16mm (0.6") left 16mm (0.6") right	16mm (0.6") left 16mm (0.6") right	16mm (0.6") left 16mm (0.6") right		Rear Shift
Bellows	Black Sheepskin	Black Sheepskin	Black Sheepskin	Black Sheepskin	Bellows		Leather	Leather Interchangeable	Leather Interchangeable													Leather Interchangeable	Leather	Leather?		Bellows										Leather?	Leather?	Leather?	Leather?	Leather?					Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Bellows
Metal components	Brass	Brass	Brass	Brass	Metal components		Brass	Brass	Brass													Brass	Brass	Chrome		Metal components							Chrome	Chrome	Chrome	Aluminum	Aluminum	Aluminum	Aluminum	Aluminum?					Brass	Brass	Brass	Brass	Metal components
Films	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls 5x7 w/ adapter	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls 5x7 w/ adapter	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls 5x7 w/ adapter	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls 5x7 w/ adapter	Films		4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls													4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet 5x7 w/ adapter	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls		Films																			4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	Films
Lensboards	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Lensboards	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.													Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Lensboards	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.					Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Wista field, Toko, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, Nagaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, Tachihara, Bromwell, Fujinon, etc.	Lensboards
Accessories	5x7 sheet adapter Wista & others accessories	5x7 sheet adapter Wista & others accessories	5x7 sheet adapter Wista & others accessories	5x7 sheet adapter Wista & others accessories	Accessories	?	?	?	?													?	Bellows extender, 5x7 sheet adapter	4"x4" to 3"x3" lensboard adapter	?	Accessories	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?					?	?	?	?	Accessories
Woods available	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony Special order	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony Special order	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony Special order	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony Special order	Woods available		Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony													Cherrywood	Cherrywood	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony		Woods available							Cherrywood	Cherrywood	Cherrywood		Cherrywood	Cherrywood	Walnut	Cherrywood					Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony	Cherrywood	Woods available
Weight	1.6 kg. (3.5 lbs.)	1.7 kg. (3.7 lbs.)	1.6 kg. (3.5 lbs.)	1.7 kg. (3.7 lbs.)	Weight		1.5 kg.(3.25 lbs.)															6 lbs.	1.7 kg. (3.7 lbs.)	1.5 kg. (3.25 lbs.)		Weight							1.2 kg. (2.6 lbs.)	1.2 kg. (2.6 lbs.)	1.2 kg. (2.6 lbs.)	1.4 kg.	1.9 kg. (2.6 lbs.)	1.9 kg. (2.6 lbs.)	2.3 kg. (5.0 lbs.)	2.4 kg. (2.6 lbs.)						1.5 kg.(3.25 lbs.)	1.5 kg.(3.25 lbs.)		Weight
Dimensions (closed) Height x Width x Depth	185mm (7.25") x 228mm (9") x 92mm (3.5")	185mm (7.25") x 228mm (9") x 92mm (3.5")	185mm (7.25") x 228mm (9") x 92mm (3.5")	185mm (7.25") x 228mm (9") x 92mm (3.5")	Dimensions (closed) Height x Width x Depth																	mm (7.75") x mm (9.5") x mm (3.75")	210mm (8.25") x 210mm (8.25") x 80mm (3.25")	mm (8") x mm (8") x mm (3.25")		Dimensions (closed) Height x Width x Depth							?	?	?	170mm (8.25") x 180mm (8.25") x 90mm (3.25")	190mm (8.25") x 190mm (8.25") x 110mm (3.25")	190mm (8.25") x 190mm (8.25") x 110mm (3.25")	190mm (8.25") x 190mm (8.25") x 110mm (3.25")	170mm (8.25") x 170mm (8.25") x 100mm (3.25")									Dimensions (closed) Height x Width x Depth
Years of manufacture	1984(?) -1985	1984(?) -1985	1985 - ?	1985 - ?	Years of manufacture	?	?	?	?													?	?	?	?	Years of manufacture	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?					?	?	?	?	Years of manufacture
Comments	1984(?) -1985	1984(?) -1985	1985 - ?	1985 - ?	Comments	Made by Ikeda	Build it yourself kit	?	?													May be the same as the Wista DX II	?	same as Tachihara?	First 4x5 from Shen Hao	Comments	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?					?	?	?	Made in the UK	Comments