TOKO 4x5 COMPARISONS

Toko Wooden Folding 4x5 camera comparisons

First, a word (OK, several) and a few diagrams about camera movements.

View cameras are said to have four "movements" -- labelled "Rise and Fall", "Shift" (AKA "Slide" and "Lateral Shift"), "Tilt", and "Swing" -- and different cameras will differ widely in which movements they incorpirate, as well as how much of each movement they allow.

But actually, there are really only two movements on large format cameras because Rise/Fall and Shift are really the same thing, just as Tilt and Swing are the same thing. The only difference is the plane that they affect -- whether vertical or horizontal. Tilt and Swing are measured in degrees, while Rise/Fall and Shift are measured in millimeters.

First, let's take a look at Tilt and Swing. Tilt means slanting the front (AKA lens or lens holder) standard or the rear (AKA film or film holder) standard -- forward or backward. Swing means turning the front (AKA lens or lens holder) standard or the rear (AKA film or film holder) standard -- to the left or to the right. The only difference is the plane that they affect. Tilt is used to correct, or alter, the depth of field or image perspective on the vertical plane, while Swing is used to correct, or alter, the depth of field or image perspective on the horizontal plane -- as shown below:

Now, let's look at Rise/Fall and Shift. Rise/Fall means moving the front (AKA lens or lens holder) standard or the rear (AKA film or film holder) standard -- upward or downward. Shift means moving the front (AKA lens or lens holder) standard or the rear (AKA film or film holder) standard -- to the left or to the right. The only difference is the plane that they affect. Rise/Fall moves the image up or down on the film, vertically, while Shift is used to move the image to the left or right on the film, horizontally -- as shown below:

So large format camera movements are not as complicated as some are led to believe. After all, there are really only two movements. Of course, these movements can be used in combination to achieve the effect you want -- assuming that your camera allows the movement(s) that you need, that the bellows has enough flexibility to allow the movement(s), and that the lens has enough covering power to still cover the film after the movement(s) are made. And it should be noted that while Rise/Fall and Shift are basically the same if performed on the front or rear standard, Tilt and Swing will have very different results depending on which standard is moved. Tilting or Swinging the front or rear standard will adjust the subject plane that is in focus, while Tilting or Swinging the rear standard (not the front) also adjusts the shape of the image.

Keep this in mind, because if you need to adjust both the shape of the image and the plane of focus, you should adjust the rear standard first, and only then adjust the front standard.

A different movement, of sorts, that is very important to consider is the bellows extension of the camera. While most shoppers simply look at the shortest and longest settings of the bellows, it is more involved than that.

FIXED REAR STANDARD CAMERAS

The simplest, and least expensive, wooden, 4x5 field cameras have a fixed rear (film) standard. Typically, these cameras also have a maximum bellows extension of 12" -- which also reduces cost -- but, as a result, will only allow a 300mm (non-telephoto lens) lens -- focusing at infinity. The front (lens) standard is used -- moving forward or back -- to control the focus, such as with this Tachihara with a fixed rear standard:

You can easily determine if the rear standard is fixed because it lacks a control knob on the rear, while it has one on the front. With most of these cameras, the front focus is controlled by a gear & knob, but some are simply pushed back-and-forth by hand. This is even less expensive, but not as easy to use, nor as accurate.

The main, possible, drawback to a fixed, rear standard is with the use of wide-angle lenses. If the front standard is drawn back far enough -- assuming it will retract enough to focus the lens -- the front bed of the camera will stick out so far in front that it will appear in the bottom of the picture! This can be controlled IF the camera has enough tilt on the rear standard and enough tilt AND RISE on the front standard -- which many inexpensive cameras don't allow. This will not be an issue, of course, if wide-angle lenses are never used, but if they are, here is what the camera will need to handle.

On the left is a wide-angle lens where the front standard will cut-off the bottom of the scene. On the right, the bed is "dropped" in order to remove the camera bed. In reality, the camera bed is not dropped. The front and rear standards are tilted backward, and the front standard is raised up to match the rear standard position. Even if you can accomplish it, it is time-comsuming and cumbersome. With other cameras, you can avoid this situation completely, as you will see.

WIDE-ANGLE -- WITH bottom CUT-OFF VERSUS WIDE-ANGLE -- WITH "DROPPED-BED" AND WITHOUT bottom cut-off

FORWARD-MOVING REAR STANDARD CAMERAS

The most common, wooden, 4x5 field cameras have a rear (film) standard that moves -- as well as a typical, front (lens) standard that moves -- which allows BOTH standards to control the focus. Typically, these cameras also have a slightly longer maximum bellows extension of 13" -- allowing for closer focusing with a 300mm lens. Here is a Tachihara with this DUAL focusing capability:

You can easily determine if the rear standard focuses because it has a control knob on the rear, in addition to one on the front. With most of these cameras, the front and rear focus is controlled by gears, but some are simply pushed back and forth by hand. This, of course, is less expensive, but not as easy to use, nor as accurate.

The forward motion of the rear standard allows the use of wide-angle lenses without "dropping the bed":

But not all "Rear-Focusing" cameras are created equal. Most only allow the rear standard to move FORWARD. That's great and solves most problems -- again, assuming the camera allows the other movements that are needed -- but it doesn't solve all of the problems.

FLEXIBLE-REAR STANDARD CAMERAS

More advanced, wooden, 4x5, field camera have a more flexible rear standard -- one that not only moves forward, but that moves BACKWARD as well! This accomplishes two things. First, it adds extra extension, so these camera typically have 14" of extension -- or more! As a result, lenses longer than 300mm are much easier to use.

But it does more than allow for longer lenses. The front standard can be used of course, as usual, for focusing, but with a fully-flexible rear-standard, focusing can be controlled by the rear standard. Why is this important? It makes it much easier to get the picture that you want.

For any scene or subject, first select the point-of-view/direction. Then select the lens of choice for the desired perspective -- wide, normal, or tele. Next, set up the camera and front standard with an approximate amount a bellows extension -- enough extension to use the ground glass image -- to reposition the camera, composition, and magnification, as needed. Finally, use the rear standard to achieve fine, final focus -- forward or backward. This will keep the image perspective, composition, and magnification basically the same, plus focusing on the rear standard is much easier -- especially with higher maginifications. Changing the focus with the front standard will change the lens-to-subject distance, and thus the composition and perspective.

4x5 Field Camera Comparison Table

Here's a table of many wooden, folding 4x5 field cameras displaying the above movements of each, and many other details -- click on the name of the individual camera for a photo. On this table, wooden 4x5 cameras are not listed if the don't fold up -- there are several of these, including pinhole cameras. Likewise, 4x5 cameras with metal or plastic bodies are not listed even if they do fold up -- there are several of these as well, but they tend to be heavy. Please note that many of these cameras were available in several different styles, even though the model number might be similar -- or exactly the same. So don't be surprised if the specifications shown here are different from the specifications of the camera you are looking at. In addition, the specifications of any camera can change depending on the use of various accessories, such as recessed lens boards, extension lens boards, bag bellows, etc..

Toko

Bulldog

Calumet

Chamonix
Deardorff
Ebony
Gandolfi
Horseman

Ikeda

Intrepid

Nagaoka

Osaka

Rajah

Rokuoh-Sha

Shen Hao

Tachihara

Wisner

Wista

Zone VI

Nikki I

Nikki II

FL-451

FL-452

4x5

Wood
Field

Wood
Field XM

45N-1

45N-2

45F-1

45F-2

45Hs-1

Special 4x5

SV45

SV45U

SV45U2

SV45Ti

SV45TE

RW45

RW45Ti

Precision G45

Woodman

Anba Wood View

Model II

Model II GB

4x5

Iston

45D

45D II

45GF

Cub

Rokuoh-Sha

PTB45-B

TZ45-IIA

TZ45-IIB

TZ45-IIC

HZX45-IIA

4x5
(model 1)

4x5
(model 2)

4x5
(model 3)

Technical
Field

Traditional
S

Expedition

Pocket
Expedition

45 DX

45 DX-II

45 SW

(Era 1)

(Era 2)

(Era 3)

Minimum
extension

65mm
(2.5")

65mm
(2.5")

65mm
(2.5")

65mm
(2.5")

Minimum
extension

54mm
(2.13")

64mm
(2.5")

45mm
(1.8")

52mm
(2.0")

52mm
(2.0")

52mm
(2.0")

50mm
(2.0")

?

85mm
(3.3")

85mm
(3.3")

85mm
(3.3")

85mm
(3.3")

60mm
(2.4")

60mm
(2.4")

?

45mm (1.75")

65mm (2.5")

65mm (2.5")

65mm (2.5")

75mm

65mm (2.5")

Minimum
extension

65mm
(2.5")

65mm
(2.5")

65mm (2.5")

47mm (1.8")

?

45mm (1.75")

110mm (4.25")

75mm
(3")

75mm
(3")

50mm
(2")

65mm (2.5")

65mm (2.5")

65mm (2.5")

90mm
(3.5")

58mm
(2.3")

58mm
(2.3")

58mm
(2.3")

51mm
(2")

51mm
(2")

51mm
(2")

51mm
(2")

58mm
(2.3")

65mm (2.5")
Minimum
extension

Maximum
extension

300mm (12")

360mm (14")

300mm (12")

360mm (14")

Maximum
extension

290mm
(11.5")

300mm
(12")

395mm
(15.5")

395mm
(15.5")

395mm
(15.5")

395mm
(15.5")

250mm
(9.8")

?

445mm
(17.5')

510mm
(20')

445mm
(17.5')

445mm
(17.5')

340mm
(13.4')

340mm
(13.4')

?

315mm (12.5")

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

300mm

330mm (13")

Maximum
extension

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

300mm (12")

?

390mm (15.25")

360mm (14")

340mm (13.25")

340mm (13.25")

360mm (14")

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

584mm
(23")

521mm
(20.5")

521mm
(20.5")

480mm
(19.5")

300mm
(12")

300mm
(12")

300mm
(12")

300mm
(12")

521mm
(20.5")

330mm (13")
Maximum
extension

Front
focusing

300mm (140mm
gear driven)

300mm (140mm
gear driven)

300mm (140mm
gear driven)

300mm (140mm
gear driven)

Front
focusing

140mm (5.25")

290mm
(11.5")

300mm
(11.5")

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

340mm
(13.4")

340mm
(13.4")

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Front
focusing

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

300mm

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

330mm (13")

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

300mm (12")

300mm (12")

300mm (12")

300mm (12")

Yes

330mm (13")
Front
focusing

Rear
focusing

None

Forward: 50mm (2")
gear driven
Backward: 60mm (2.4")
gear driven

None

Forward: 50mm (2")
gear driven
Backward: 60mm (2.4")
gear driven

Rear
focusing

None

None

Forward

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Forward

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

None

None

Forward

Forward only?

Forward

Forward

Forward

?

Forward

Rear
focusing

None

None

Forward only

Forward only

Yes

None

None

Forward: 80mm (3")
gear driven

Forward: 80mm (3")
gear driven

None

None

  Forward only

Forward only

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

None

None

None

None

Yes

None
Rear
focusing

Front Rise/Fall

75mm (3") up
75mm (3") down

75mm (3") up
75mm (3") down

75mm (3") up
75mm (3") down

75mm (3") up
75mm (3") down

Front Rise/Fall

45mm (1.75") up

20mm
(0.8") up
25mm (1") down

43mm (1.7") up
21mm (0.8") down

45mm (1.8") up
30mm (1.2") down

70mm (2.75") up
41mm (1.6") down

45mm (1.8") up
30mm (1.2") down

70mm (2.75") up
41mm (1.6") down

Yes

Yes

42mm (1.7") up
23mm (0.9") down

42mm (1.7") up
23mm (0.9") down

42mm (1.7") up
23mm (0.9") down

42mm (1.7") up
23mm (0.9") down

45mm (1.8") up
20mm (0.8") down

45mm (1.8") up
20mm (0.8") down

Yes

60mm (2.25") up
60mm (2.25") down

Yes

22mm (0.9") up
48mm (1.9") down

22mm (0.9") up
48mm (1.9") down

42mm (1.7") up
30mm (1.2") down

Yes

Front Rise/Fall

22mm (0.9") up
35mm (1.4") down

22mm (0.9") up
35mm (1.4") down

70mm (2.75") up
70mm (2.75") down

64mm (2.5") up
64mm (2.5") down

Yes

45mm (1.75") up
35mm (1.5") down

45mm (1.75") up
35mm (1.5") down

23mm (1") up
43mm (1.75") down

23mm (1") up
43mm (1.75") down

37mm (1.5") up
32mm (1.25") down

40mm (1.6") up
30mm (1.2") down

40mm (1.6") up
30mm (1.2") down

40mm (1.6") up
30mm (1.2") down

29mm (1.1") up
51mm (2") down

29mm (1.1") up
51mm (2") down

29mm (1.1") up
51mm (2") down

38mm (1.5") up
31mm (2.2") down

56mm (2.2") up

56mm (2.2") up

56mm (2.2") up

56mm (2.2") up

29mm (1.1") up
51mm (2") down

40mm (1.6") up
30mm (1.2") down
Front Rise/Fall

Rear Rise/Fall

None

None

None

None

Rear Rise/Fall

None

None

None

None

None

None

55mm (2.2") up
None down

None

Rise

45mm
(1.8") up

45mm
(1.8") up

45mm
(1.8") up

45mm
(1.8") up

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

Rear Rise/Fall

None

None

None

None

None

None

45mm (1.75") up
35mm (1.5") down

55mm (2") up
None down

55mm (2") up
None down

45mm (1.75") up
None down

None

None

None

38mm (1.5") up
None down

None

38mm (1.5") up
None down

38mm (1.5") up
None down

None

None

None

None

None

None
Rear Rise/Fall

Front Swing

20^o left
20^oright

20^o left
20^oright

20^o left
20^oright

20^o left
20^o right

Front Swing

10^o left
10^o right

12^o left
12^o right

None

Yes

Yes

Yes

None

Yes

Yes

20^o left
20^o right

20^o left
20^o right

20^o left
20^o right

20^o left
20^o right

20^o left
20^o right

20^o left
20^o right

None

20^o left
20^o right

None

18^o left
18^o right

18^o left
18^o right

45^o left
45^o right

None

Front Swing

8^o left
8^oright

8^o left
8^oright

17^o left
17^oright

30^o left
30^oright

None

60^o left
60^oright

30^o left
30^oright

25^o left
25^oright

40^o left
40^oright

17^o left
17^oright

17^o left
17^oright

17^o left
17^oright

17^o left
17^oright

12^o left
12^oright

12^o left
12^oright

12^o left
12^oright

12^o left
12^oright

15^o left
15^oright

15^o left
15^oright

15^o left
15^oright

15^o left
15^oright

12^o left
12^oright

17^o left
17^oright
Front Swing

Rear Swing

12^o left
12^oright

12^o left
12^oright

12^o left
12^oright

12^o left
12^oright

Rear Swing

10^o left
10^o right

12^o left
12^o right

20^o left
20^oright

20^o left
20^oright

20^o left
20^oright

20^o left
20^oright

20^o left
20^oright

Yes

Yes

20^o left
20^o right

20^o left
20^o right

20^o left
20^o right

20^o left
20^o right

10^o left
10^o right

10^o left
10^o right

None

20^o left
20^o right

None

20^o left
20^o right

20^o left
20^o right

None

None

Rear Swing

10^o left
10^oright

10^o left
10^oright

23^o left
23^oright

30^o left
30^oright

None

30^o left
30^oright

10^o left
10^oright

10^o left
10^oright

10^o left
10^oright

20^o left
20^oright

30^o left
30^oright

30^o left
30^oright

30^o left
30^oright

15^o left
15^oright

15^o left
15^oright

15^o left
15^oright

15^o left
15^oright

12^o left
12^oright

12^o left
12^oright

12^o left
12^oright

12^o left
12^oright

15^o left
15^oright

30^o left
30^oright
Rear Swing

Front Tilt

90^o forward
40^oback

90^o forward
40^oback

90^o forward
40^oback

90^o forward
40^oback

Front Tilt

80^o forward
15^oback

40^o forward
40^oback

None

Yes

30°

Yes

30^o forward
30^oback

Yes

Yes

30^o forward
30^o back

30^o forward
30^o back

30^o forward
30^o back

30^o forward
30^o back

30^o forward
30^o back

30^o forward
30^o back

Yes

50^o

Backward

30^o forward
45^o back

30^o forward
45^o back

45^o forward
45^o back

Yes

Front Tilt

25^o forward
45^oback

25^o forward
45^oback

30^o

Yes

Backward

60^o

40^o forward

90^o forward
20^oback

90^o forward
35^oback

90^o forward
45^oback

30^o forward
40^oback

30^o forward
40^oback

30^o forward
40^oback

35^o forward
90^oback

35^o forward
90^oback

35^o forward
90^oback

45^o forward
90^oback

90^o forward
37^oback

90^o forward
37^oback

90^o forward
37^oback

90^o forward
37^oback

35^o forward
90^oback

30^o forward
40^oback
Front Tilt

Rear Tilt

20^o forward
28^oback

20^o forward
28^oback

20^o forward
28^oback

20^o forward
28^oback

Rear Tilt

45^o forward
15^oback

55^o forward
25^oback

30^o forward
30^oback

Yes forward
20^oback

20^o forward
20^oback

Yes forward
20^oback

10^o forward
10^oback

Yes

Yes

20^o forward
20^o back

20^o forward
20^o back

20^o forward
20^o back

20^o forward
20^o back

20^o forward
20^o back

20^o forward
20^o back

Forward

40^o

Forward

55^o forward
26^o back

55^o forward
26^o back

30^o forward
30^o back

Yes

Rear Tilt

55^o forward
18^oback

55^o forward
18^oback

40^o forward
30^oback

15^o

Yes

90^o forward
35^oback

90^o forward
22^oback

90^o forward
22^oback

90^o forward
22^oback

90^o forward
20^oback

40^o forward
30^oback

40^o forward
30^oback

40^o forward
30^oback

90^o forward
20^oback

90^o forward
35^oback

90^o forward
20^oback

25^oback

16^o forward
16^oback

16^o forward
16^oback

16^o forward
16^oback

16^o forward
16^oback

90^o forward
35^oback

40^o forward
30^oback
Rear Tilt

Front Shift

none

none

none

none

Front Shift

None

None

30mm (1.2") left
30mm (1.2") right

20mm (0.8") left
20mm (0.8") right

40mm (1.6") left
40mm (1.6") right

20mm (0.8") left
20mm (0.8") right

40mm (1.6") left
40mm (1.6") right

None

Yes

32mm (1.3") left
32mm (1.3") right

32mm (1.3") left
32mm (1.3") right

32mm (1.3") left
32mm (1.3") right

32mm (1.3") left
32mm (1.3") right

None

None

None

20mm (0.75") left
20mm (0.75") right

none

None

None

30mm (1.2") left
30mm (1.2") right

None

Front Shift

None

None

19mm (0.75") left
19mm (0.75") right

None

38mm (1.5") left
38mm (1.5") right

36mm (1.5") left
36mm (1.5") right

12mm (0.5") left
12mm (0.5") right

36mm (1.5") left
36mm (1.5") right

None

None

None

None

12mm (0.5") left
12mm (0.5") right

12mm (0.5") left
12mm (0.5") right

12mm (0.5") left
12mm (0.5") right

12mm (0.5") left
12mm (0.5") right

None

None

None

None

12mm (0.5") left
12mm (0.5") right

None
Front Shift

Rear Shift

20mm (0.8") left
20mm (0.8") right

20mm (0.8") left
20mm (0.8") right

20mm (0.8") left
20mm (0.8") right

20mm (0.8") left
20mm (0.8") right

Rear Shift

16mm (0.6") left
16mm (0.6") right

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

Yes

None

50mm (2") left
50mm (2") right

50mm (2") left
50mm (2") right

50mm (2") left
50mm (2") right

None

None

None

None

none

None

None

None

None

Rear Shift

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

40mm (1.5") left
40mm (1.5") right

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

16mm (0.6") left
16mm (0.6") right

None

16mm (0.6") left
16mm (0.6") right

16mm (0.6") left
16mm (0.6") right

None

None
Rear Shift

Bellows

Black
Sheepskin

Black
Sheepskin

Black
Sheepskin

Black
Sheepskin

Bellows

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather?

Leather

Leather

Leather

Vinyl

Leather

Bellows

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather?

Leather?

Leather?

Leather?

Leather?

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather

Leather
Bellows

Metal
components

Brass

Brass

Brass

Brass

Metal
components

Brass

Aluminum

Brass

Black
Aluminum

Black
Aluminum

Black
Aluminum

Black
Aluminum

Black
Aluminum

Steel or Aluminum or Brass

Titanium

Titanium

Titanium

Titanium

Titanium

Titanium

Titanium

Brass

Chrome

Aluminum

Aluminum

Aluminum

Aluminum

Brass

Metal
components

Brass

Brass

Brass

?

Aluminum

Aluminum

Aluminum

Aluminum

Aluminum

Copper

Chrome

Brass

Chrome

Brass

Brass

Brass

Aluminum

Brass

Brass

Brass

Brass

Brass

Chrome
Metal
components

Films

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls
5x7 w/ adapter

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls
5x7 w/ adapter

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls
5x7 w/ adapter

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls
5x7 w/ adapter

Films

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders

4x5 sheet
6x9
Graphic holders,
Polaroid

4x5 sheet
6x9
Graphic holders,
Polaroid

4x5 sheet
6x9
Graphic holders,
Polaroid

4x5 sheet
6x9
Graphic holders,
Polaroid

4x5 sheet
6x9
Graphic holders,
Polaroid

4x5 sheet
6x9 Graphic holders

4x5 sheet
6x9 Graphic holders

4x5 sheet

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
Graafmatic

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
Graafmatic

4x5 sheet
6x9 Graphic holders

4x5 sheet

Films

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
5x7 w/ adapter

4x5 sheet

4x5 sheet

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls

4x5 sheet
Polaroid holders
6x7/6x9 rolls
Films

Lensboards

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Lensboards

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

4"x4"

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

?

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Lensboards

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, ???

???

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

4"x4"

4"x4"

4"x4"

4"x4"

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.

Wista field,
Linhof Technika,
Toyo L, etc.
Lensboards

Accessories

5x7 sheet adapter
Wista & others
accessories

5x7 sheet adapter
Wista & others
accessories

5x7 sheet adapter
Wista & others
accessories

5x7 sheet adapter
Wista & others
accessories

Accessories

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

4"x4" to 3"x3" lensboard adapter

?

Graflok
adapter
back

Graflok
adapter
back

Fresnel screen

?

Accessories

?

?

Bellows extender,
5x7 sheet adapter

Backs

?

?

?

?

?

?

5x7 Back,
Rear
extension
bellows

5x7 Back,
Rear
extension
bellows

5x7 Back,
Rear
extension
bellows

Lensboard
adapters,
Bag bellows,
Ground Glass
cover

Lensboard
adapters,
Bag bellows,
Ground Glass
cover

Lensboard
adapters,
Bag bellows,
Ground Glass
cover

Lensboard
adapters,
Bag bellows,
Ground Glass
cover

?

?

Bellows

?

?

?
Accessories

Woods
available

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony

Woods
available

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony

Cherrywood

Cherrywood

Teak

Teak

Cherrywood,
Teak

Cherrywood,
Teak

Teak

Mahogony

Ebony

Ebony

Ebony

Mahogany

Ebony

Mahogany

Ebony

?

Rosewood,
Cherrywood,
Ebony

Cherrywood

Cherrywood

Cherrywood

Plywood,
Walnut,
Cherrywood,
Beech,
3D plastic

Cherrywood

Woods
available

Cherrywood

Cherrywood

Cherrywood

Teak

?

Walnut

Cherrywood

Cherrywood

Walnut

Cherrywood

Cherrywood

Cherrywood

Cherrywood

Mahogany
with
Cherrywood

Mahogany
with
Cherrywood

Mahogany
with
Cherrywood

Cherrywood

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony

Rosewood
Cherrywood
Ebony

Mahogany
with
Cherrywood

Cherrywood
Woods
available

Weight

1.6 kg. (3.5 lbs.)

1.7 kg. (3.7 lbs.)

1.6 kg. (3.5 lbs.)

1.7 kg. (3.7 lbs.)

Weight

1.5 kg.
(3.25 lbs.)

1.5 kg.
(3.25 lbs.)

1.6 kg.
(3.5 lbs.)

1.8 kg.
(4 lbs.)

?

2.7 kg. (6 lbs.)

3.1 kg. (6.8 lbs.)

2.7 kg.
(6 lbs.)

2.1 kg. (4.6 lbs.)

1.7 kg. (3.7 lbs.)

1.7 kg. (3.7 lbs.)

?

1.5 kg.
(3.25 lbs.)

1.3 kg.
(2.9 lbs.)

1.2 kg
(2.6 lbs.)

1.2 kg
(2.6 lbs.)

1.3 kg.
(2.8 lbs.)

Weight

1.2 kg. (2.6 lbs.)

1.2 kg. (2.6 lbs.)

1.7 kg
(3.7 lbs.)

?

1.4 kg.

1.9 kg. (2.6 lbs.)

1.9 kg. (2.6 lbs.)

2.3 kg. (5.0 lbs.)

2.4 kg. (2.6 lbs.)

1.5 kg.
(3.3 lbs.)

1.5 kg.
(3.3 lbs.)

1.5 kg.
(3.3 lbs.)

2.9 kg.
(6.5 lbs.)

2.7 kg.
(6.0 lbs.)

2.0 kg.
(4.4 lbs.)

1.6 kg.
(3.6 lbs.)

1.8 kg. (4.0 lbs.)

1.6 kg. (3.5 lbs.)

1.8 kg. (4.0 lbs.)

1.8 kg. (4.0 lbs.)

2.7 kg.
(6.0 lbs.)

1.5 kg.
(3.3 lbs.)
Weight

Dimensions
(closed)
Height x
Width x
Depth

185mm (7.25") x
228mm (9") x
92mm (3.5")

185mm (7.25") x
228mm (9") x
92mm (3.5")

185mm (7.25") x
228mm (9") x
92mm (3.5")

185mm (7.25") x
228mm (9") x
92mm (3.5")

Dimensions
(closed)
Height x
Width x
Depth

182mm (7.2") x
200mm (7.9") x
90mm (3.5")

182mm (7.2") x
200mm (7.9") x
90mm (3.5")

170mm (6.7") x
180mm (7.1") x
90mm (3.5")

182mm (7.2") x
208mm (8.2") x
92mm (3.6")

248mm (9.8") x
206mm (8.2") x
90mm (3.5")

?

175mm (6.9") x
175mm (6.9") x
95mm (3.7")

205mm (8.1") x
205mm (8.1") x
95mm (3.7")

175mm (6.9") x
205mm (8.1") x
95mm (3.7")

175mm (6.9") x
205mm (8.1") x
95mm (3.7")

190mm (7.5") x
210mm (8.25") x
100mm (3.9")

190mm (7.5") x
210mm (8.25") x
100mm (3.9")

?

  200mm (8") x
200mm (8") x
83mm (3.25")

203mm (8") x
178mm (7") x
64mm (2.5")

203mm (8") x
178mm (7") x
64mm (2.5")

180mm (7.1") x
180mm (7.1") x
97mm (3.8")

Dimensions
(closed)
Height x
Width x
Depth

200mm (8") x
280mm (7") x
64mm (2.5")

200mm (8") x
280mm (7") x
64mm (2.5")

210mm (8.25") x
210mm (8.25") x
80mm (3.25")

?

170mm (8.25") x
180mm (8.25") x
90mm (3.25")

190mm (8.25") x
190mm (8.25") x
110mm (3.25")

190mm (8.25") x
190mm (8.25") x
110mm (3.25")

190mm (8.25") x
190mm (8.25") x
110mm (3.25")

170mm (8.25") x
170mm (8.25") x
100mm (3.25")

203mm (8") x
178mm (7") x
79mm (3.1")

203mm (8") x
178mm (7") x
79mm (3.1")

203mm (8") x
178mm (7") x
79mm (3.1")

240mm (9.5") x
197mm (7.8") x
120mm (4.8")

240mm (9.5") x
197mm (7.8") x
120mm (4.8")

240mm (9.5") x
197mm (7.8") x
120mm (4.8")

178mm (7") x
178mm (7") x
84mm (3.3")

212mm (8.3") x
185mm (7.3") x
96mm (3.8")

212mm (8.3") x
185mm (7.3") x
96mm (3.8")

212mm (8.3") x
185mm (7.3") x
96mm (3.8")

212mm (8.3") x
185mm (7.3") x
96mm (3.8")

240mm (9.5") x
197mm (7.8") x
120mm (4.8")

203mm (8") x
178mm (7") x
79mm (3.1")
Dimensions
(closed)
Height x
Width x
Depth

Years of
manufacture

1984(?)
-1985

1984(?)
-1985

1985 - ?

1985 - ?

Years of
manufacture

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Late 1930's to
early 1940's

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

1980's

1980's

2023-?

?

Years of
manufacture

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?
Years of
manufacture

Comments

1984(?)
-1985

1984(?)
-1985

1985 - ?

1985 - ?

Comments

Build it yourself kit

same as Nagaoka?

same as Tachihara?

Sometimes
called the
"Baby"

Made by Nagaoka?

"GB" =
Geared
Back Shift

Website

First 4x5 from Shen Hao

Comments

Sometimes
called the
"Woody"

Sometimes
called the
"Gin-Ichi"?

Same as
Tachihara
Model 2

?

Made in Japan

Website

Which came first?
The chicken or the egg?

Fixed bellows

Fixed bellows

Interchangeable bellows

Re-badged Wista

Re-badged Wisner

Re-badged Tachihara
Comments

	Toko					Bulldog	Calumet		Chamonix					Deardorff	Ebony							Gandolfi	Horseman	Ikeda			Intrepid			Nagaoka		Osaka	Rajah	Rokuoh-Sha	Shen Hao					Tachihara			Wisner				Wista			Zone VI
	Nikki I	Nikki II	FL-451	FL-452		4x5	Wood Field	Wood Field XM	45N-1	45N-2	45F-1	45F-2	45Hs-1	Special 4x5	SV45	SV45U	SV45U2	SV45Ti	SV45TE	RW45	RW45Ti	Precision G45	Woodman	Anba Wood View	Model II	Model II GB	4x5	Iston		45D	45D II	45GF	Cub	Rokuoh-Sha	PTB45-B	TZ45-IIA	TZ45-IIB	TZ45-IIC	HZX45-IIA	4x5 (model 1)	4x5 (model 2)	4x5 (model 3)	Technical Field	Traditional S	Expedition	Pocket Expedition	45 DX	45 DX-II	45 SW	(Era 1)	(Era 2)	(Era 3)
Minimum extension	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	Minimum extension		54mm (2.13")	64mm (2.5")	45mm (1.8")	52mm (2.0")	52mm (2.0")	52mm (2.0")	50mm (2.0")	?		85mm (3.3")	85mm (3.3")	85mm (3.3")	85mm (3.3")	60mm (2.4")	60mm (2.4")	?	45mm (1.75")	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	75mm	65mm (2.5")	Minimum extension	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	47mm (1.8")	?	45mm (1.75")	110mm (4.25")	75mm (3")	75mm (3")	50mm (2")	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	65mm (2.5")	90mm (3.5")	58mm (2.3")	58mm (2.3")	58mm (2.3")	51mm (2")	51mm (2")	51mm (2")	51mm (2")	58mm (2.3")	65mm (2.5")	Minimum extension
Maximum extension	300mm (12")	360mm (14")	300mm (12")	360mm (14")	Maximum extension		290mm (11.5")	300mm (12")	395mm (15.5")	395mm (15.5")	395mm (15.5")	395mm (15.5")	250mm (9.8")	?		445mm (17.5')	510mm (20')	445mm (17.5')	445mm (17.5')	340mm (13.4')	340mm (13.4')	?	315mm (12.5")	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	300mm	330mm (13")	Maximum extension	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	300mm (12")	?	390mm (15.25")	360mm (14")	340mm (13.25")	340mm (13.25")	360mm (14")	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	584mm (23")	521mm (20.5")	521mm (20.5")	480mm (19.5")	300mm (12")	300mm (12")	300mm (12")	300mm (12")	521mm (20.5")	330mm (13")	Maximum extension
Front focusing	300mm (140mm gear driven)	300mm (140mm gear driven)	300mm (140mm gear driven)	300mm (140mm gear driven)	Front focusing	140mm (5.25")	290mm (11.5")	300mm (11.5")	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	340mm (13.4")	340mm (13.4")	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Front focusing	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	300mm	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	330mm (13")	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	300mm (12")	300mm (12")	300mm (12")	300mm (12")	Yes	330mm (13")	Front focusing
Rear focusing	None	Forward: 50mm (2") gear driven Backward: 60mm (2.4") gear driven	None	Forward: 50mm (2") gear driven Backward: 60mm (2.4") gear driven	Rear focusing	None	None	Forward	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Forward	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	None	None	Forward	Forward only?	Forward	Forward	Forward	?	Forward	Rear focusing	None	None	Forward only	Forward only	Yes	None	None	Forward: 80mm (3") gear driven	Forward: 80mm (3") gear driven	None	None	Forward only	Forward only	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	None	None	None	None	Yes	None	Rear focusing
Front Rise/Fall	75mm (3") up 75mm (3") down	75mm (3") up 75mm (3") down	75mm (3") up 75mm (3") down	75mm (3") up 75mm (3") down	Front Rise/Fall		45mm (1.75") up	20mm (0.8") up 25mm (1") down	43mm (1.7") up 21mm (0.8") down	45mm (1.8") up 30mm (1.2") down	70mm (2.75") up 41mm (1.6") down	45mm (1.8") up 30mm (1.2") down	70mm (2.75") up 41mm (1.6") down	Yes	Yes	42mm (1.7") up 23mm (0.9") down	42mm (1.7") up 23mm (0.9") down	42mm (1.7") up 23mm (0.9") down	42mm (1.7") up 23mm (0.9") down	45mm (1.8") up 20mm (0.8") down	45mm (1.8") up 20mm (0.8") down	Yes	60mm (2.25") up 60mm (2.25") down	Yes	22mm (0.9") up 48mm (1.9") down	22mm (0.9") up 48mm (1.9") down	42mm (1.7") up 30mm (1.2") down	Yes	Front Rise/Fall	22mm (0.9") up 35mm (1.4") down	22mm (0.9") up 35mm (1.4") down	70mm (2.75") up 70mm (2.75") down	64mm (2.5") up 64mm (2.5") down	Yes	45mm (1.75") up 35mm (1.5") down	45mm (1.75") up 35mm (1.5") down	23mm (1") up 43mm (1.75") down	23mm (1") up 43mm (1.75") down	37mm (1.5") up 32mm (1.25") down	40mm (1.6") up 30mm (1.2") down	40mm (1.6") up 30mm (1.2") down	40mm (1.6") up 30mm (1.2") down	29mm (1.1") up 51mm (2") down	29mm (1.1") up 51mm (2") down	29mm (1.1") up 51mm (2") down	38mm (1.5") up 31mm (2.2") down	56mm (2.2") up	56mm (2.2") up	56mm (2.2") up	56mm (2.2") up	29mm (1.1") up 51mm (2") down	40mm (1.6") up 30mm (1.2") down	Front Rise/Fall
Rear Rise/Fall	None	None	None	None	Rear Rise/Fall		None	None	None	None	None	None	55mm (2.2") up None down	None	Rise	45mm (1.8") up	45mm (1.8") up	45mm (1.8") up	45mm (1.8") up	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	Rear Rise/Fall	None	None	None	None	None	None	45mm (1.75") up 35mm (1.5") down	55mm (2") up None down	55mm (2") up None down	45mm (1.75") up None down	None	None	None	38mm (1.5") up None down	None	38mm (1.5") up None down	38mm (1.5") up None down	None	None	None	None	None	None	Rear Rise/Fall
Front Swing	20^o left 20^oright	20^o left 20^oright	20^o left 20^oright	20^o left 20^o right	Front Swing		10^o left 10^o right	12^o left 12^o right	None	Yes	Yes	Yes	None	Yes	Yes	20^o left 20^o right	20^o left 20^o right	20^o left 20^o right	20^o left 20^o right	20^o left 20^o right	20^o left 20^o right	None	20^o left 20^o right	None	18^o left 18^o right	18^o left 18^o right	45^o left 45^o right	None	Front Swing	8^o left 8^oright	8^o left 8^oright	17^o left 17^oright	30^o left 30^oright	None	60^o left 60^oright	30^o left 30^oright	25^o left 25^oright	40^o left 40^oright	17^o left 17^oright	17^o left 17^oright	17^o left 17^oright	17^o left 17^oright	12^o left 12^oright	12^o left 12^oright	12^o left 12^oright	12^o left 12^oright	15^o left 15^oright	15^o left 15^oright	15^o left 15^oright	15^o left 15^oright	12^o left 12^oright	17^o left 17^oright	Front Swing
Rear Swing	12^o left 12^oright	12^o left 12^oright	12^o left 12^oright	12^o left 12^oright	Rear Swing		10^o left 10^o right	12^o left 12^o right	20^o left 20^oright	20^o left 20^oright	20^o left 20^oright	20^o left 20^oright	20^o left 20^oright	Yes	Yes	20^o left 20^o right	20^o left 20^o right	20^o left 20^o right	20^o left 20^o right	10^o left 10^o right	10^o left 10^o right	None	20^o left 20^o right	None	20^o left 20^o right	20^o left 20^o right	None	None	Rear Swing	10^o left 10^oright	10^o left 10^oright	23^o left 23^oright	30^o left 30^oright	None	30^o left 30^oright	10^o left 10^oright	10^o left 10^oright	10^o left 10^oright	20^o left 20^oright	30^o left 30^oright	30^o left 30^oright	30^o left 30^oright	15^o left 15^oright	15^o left 15^oright	15^o left 15^oright	15^o left 15^oright	12^o left 12^oright	12^o left 12^oright	12^o left 12^oright	12^o left 12^oright	15^o left 15^oright	30^o left 30^oright	Rear Swing
Front Tilt	90^o forward 40^oback	90^o forward 40^oback	90^o forward 40^oback	90^o forward 40^oback	Front Tilt		80^o forward 15^oback	40^o forward 40^oback	None	Yes	30°	Yes	30^o forward 30^oback	Yes	Yes	30^o forward 30^o back	30^o forward 30^o back	30^o forward 30^o back	30^o forward 30^o back	30^o forward 30^o back	30^o forward 30^o back	Yes	50^o	Backward	30^o forward 45^o back	30^o forward 45^o back	45^o forward 45^o back	Yes	Front Tilt	25^o forward 45^oback	25^o forward 45^oback	30^o	Yes	Backward	60^o	40^o forward	90^o forward 20^oback	90^o forward 35^oback	90^o forward 45^oback	30^o forward 40^oback	30^o forward 40^oback	30^o forward 40^oback	35^o forward 90^oback	35^o forward 90^oback	35^o forward 90^oback	45^o forward 90^oback	90^o forward 37^oback	90^o forward 37^oback	90^o forward 37^oback	90^o forward 37^oback	35^o forward 90^oback	30^o forward 40^oback	Front Tilt
Rear Tilt	20^o forward 28^oback	20^o forward 28^oback	20^o forward 28^oback	20^o forward 28^oback	Rear Tilt		45^o forward 15^oback	55^o forward 25^oback	30^o forward 30^oback	Yes forward 20^oback	20^o forward 20^oback	Yes forward 20^oback	10^o forward 10^oback	Yes	Yes	20^o forward 20^o back	20^o forward 20^o back	20^o forward 20^o back	20^o forward 20^o back	20^o forward 20^o back	20^o forward 20^o back	Forward	40^o	Forward	55^o forward 26^o back	55^o forward 26^o back	30^o forward 30^o back	Yes	Rear Tilt	55^o forward 18^oback	55^o forward 18^oback	40^o forward 30^oback	15^o	Yes	90^o forward 35^oback	90^o forward 22^oback	90^o forward 22^oback	90^o forward 22^oback	90^o forward 20^oback	40^o forward 30^oback	40^o forward 30^oback	40^o forward 30^oback	90^o forward 20^oback	90^o forward 35^oback	90^o forward 20^oback	25^oback	16^o forward 16^oback	16^o forward 16^oback	16^o forward 16^oback	16^o forward 16^oback	90^o forward 35^oback	40^o forward 30^oback	Rear Tilt
Front Shift	none	none	none	none	Front Shift		None	None	30mm (1.2") left 30mm (1.2") right	20mm (0.8") left 20mm (0.8") right	40mm (1.6") left 40mm (1.6") right	20mm (0.8") left 20mm (0.8") right	40mm (1.6") left 40mm (1.6") right	None	Yes	32mm (1.3") left 32mm (1.3") right	32mm (1.3") left 32mm (1.3") right	32mm (1.3") left 32mm (1.3") right	32mm (1.3") left 32mm (1.3") right	None	None	None	20mm (0.75") left 20mm (0.75") right	none	None	None	30mm (1.2") left 30mm (1.2") right	None	Front Shift	None	None		19mm (0.75") left 19mm (0.75") right	None	38mm (1.5") left 38mm (1.5") right	36mm (1.5") left 36mm (1.5") right	12mm (0.5") left 12mm (0.5") right	36mm (1.5") left 36mm (1.5") right	None	None	None	None	12mm (0.5") left 12mm (0.5") right	12mm (0.5") left 12mm (0.5") right	12mm (0.5") left 12mm (0.5") right	12mm (0.5") left 12mm (0.5") right	None	None	None	None	12mm (0.5") left 12mm (0.5") right	None	Front Shift
Rear Shift	20mm (0.8") left 20mm (0.8") right	20mm (0.8") left 20mm (0.8") right	20mm (0.8") left 20mm (0.8") right	20mm (0.8") left 20mm (0.8") right	Rear Shift	16mm (0.6") left 16mm (0.6") right	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	Yes	None	50mm (2") left 50mm (2") right	50mm (2") left 50mm (2") right	50mm (2") left 50mm (2") right	None	None	None	None	none	None	None	None	None	Rear Shift	None	None		None	None	None	None	None	None	40mm (1.5") left 40mm (1.5") right	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	16mm (0.6") left 16mm (0.6") right	None	16mm (0.6") left 16mm (0.6") right	16mm (0.6") left 16mm (0.6") right	None	None	Rear Shift
Bellows	Black Sheepskin	Black Sheepskin	Black Sheepskin	Black Sheepskin	Bellows	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather?	Leather	Leather	Leather	Vinyl	Leather	Bellows	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather?	Leather?	Leather?	Leather?	Leather?	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Leather	Bellows
Metal components	Brass	Brass	Brass	Brass	Metal components	Brass	Aluminum	Brass	Black Aluminum	Black Aluminum	Black Aluminum	Black Aluminum	Black Aluminum	Steel or Aluminum or Brass	Titanium	Titanium	Titanium	Titanium	Titanium	Titanium	Titanium	Brass	Chrome	Aluminum	Aluminum	Aluminum	Aluminum	Brass	Metal components	Brass	Brass	Brass	?	Aluminum	Aluminum	Aluminum	Aluminum	Aluminum	Copper	Chrome	Brass	Chrome	Brass	Brass	Brass	Aluminum	Brass	Brass	Brass	Brass	Brass	Chrome	Metal components
Films	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls 5x7 w/ adapter	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls 5x7 w/ adapter	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls 5x7 w/ adapter	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls 5x7 w/ adapter	Films	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders	4x5 sheet 6x9 Graphic holders, Polaroid	4x5 sheet 6x9 Graphic holders, Polaroid	4x5 sheet 6x9 Graphic holders, Polaroid	4x5 sheet 6x9 Graphic holders, Polaroid	4x5 sheet 6x9 Graphic holders, Polaroid	4x5 sheet 6x9 Graphic holders	4x5 sheet 6x9 Graphic holders	4x5 sheet	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders Graafmatic	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders Graafmatic	4x5 sheet 6x9 Graphic holders	4x5 sheet	Films	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet 5x7 w/ adapter	4x5 sheet	4x5 sheet						4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	4x5 sheet Polaroid holders 6x7/6x9 rolls	Films
Lensboards	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Lensboards	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	4"x4"	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	?	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Lensboards	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, ???	???	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	4"x4"	4"x4"	4"x4"	4"x4"	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Wista field, Linhof Technika, Toyo L, etc.	Lensboards
Accessories	5x7 sheet adapter Wista & others accessories	5x7 sheet adapter Wista & others accessories	5x7 sheet adapter Wista & others accessories	5x7 sheet adapter Wista & others accessories	Accessories	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?								?	4"x4" to 3"x3" lensboard adapter	?	Graflok adapter back	Graflok adapter back	Fresnel screen	?	Accessories	?	?	Bellows extender, 5x7 sheet adapter	Backs	?	?	?	?	?	?	5x7 Back, Rear extension bellows	5x7 Back, Rear extension bellows	5x7 Back, Rear extension bellows	Lensboard adapters, Bag bellows, Ground Glass cover	Lensboard adapters, Bag bellows, Ground Glass cover	Lensboard adapters, Bag bellows, Ground Glass cover	Lensboard adapters, Bag bellows, Ground Glass cover	?	?	Bellows	?	?	?	Accessories
Woods available	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony	Woods available	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony	Cherrywood	Cherrywood	Teak	Teak	Cherrywood, Teak	Cherrywood, Teak	Teak	Mahogony	Ebony	Ebony	Ebony	Mahogany	Ebony	Mahogany	Ebony	?	Rosewood, Cherrywood, Ebony	Cherrywood	Cherrywood	Cherrywood	Plywood, Walnut, Cherrywood, Beech, 3D plastic	Cherrywood	Woods available	Cherrywood	Cherrywood	Cherrywood	Teak	?	Walnut	Cherrywood	Cherrywood	Walnut	Cherrywood	Cherrywood	Cherrywood	Cherrywood	Mahogany with Cherrywood	Mahogany with Cherrywood	Mahogany with Cherrywood	Cherrywood	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony	Rosewood Cherrywood Ebony	Mahogany with Cherrywood	Cherrywood	Woods available
Weight	1.6 kg. (3.5 lbs.)	1.7 kg. (3.7 lbs.)	1.6 kg. (3.5 lbs.)	1.7 kg. (3.7 lbs.)	Weight	1.5 kg. (3.25 lbs.)					1.5 kg. (3.25 lbs.)	1.6 kg. (3.5 lbs.)	1.8 kg. (4 lbs.)	?		2.7 kg. (6 lbs.)	3.1 kg. (6.8 lbs.)	2.7 kg. (6 lbs.)	2.1 kg. (4.6 lbs.)	1.7 kg. (3.7 lbs.)	1.7 kg. (3.7 lbs.)	?	1.5 kg. (3.25 lbs.)	1.3 kg. (2.9 lbs.)	1.2 kg (2.6 lbs.)	1.2 kg (2.6 lbs.)	1.3 kg. (2.8 lbs.)		Weight	1.2 kg. (2.6 lbs.)	1.2 kg. (2.6 lbs.)	1.7 kg (3.7 lbs.)		?	1.4 kg.	1.9 kg. (2.6 lbs.)	1.9 kg. (2.6 lbs.)	2.3 kg. (5.0 lbs.)	2.4 kg. (2.6 lbs.)	1.5 kg. (3.3 lbs.)	1.5 kg. (3.3 lbs.)	1.5 kg. (3.3 lbs.)	2.9 kg. (6.5 lbs.)	2.7 kg. (6.0 lbs.)	2.0 kg. (4.4 lbs.)	1.6 kg. (3.6 lbs.)	1.8 kg. (4.0 lbs.)	1.6 kg. (3.5 lbs.)	1.8 kg. (4.0 lbs.)	1.8 kg. (4.0 lbs.)	2.7 kg. (6.0 lbs.)	1.5 kg. (3.3 lbs.)	Weight
Dimensions (closed) Height x Width x Depth	185mm (7.25") x 228mm (9") x 92mm (3.5")	185mm (7.25") x 228mm (9") x 92mm (3.5")	185mm (7.25") x 228mm (9") x 92mm (3.5")	185mm (7.25") x 228mm (9") x 92mm (3.5")	Dimensions (closed) Height x Width x Depth				182mm (7.2") x 200mm (7.9") x 90mm (3.5")	182mm (7.2") x 200mm (7.9") x 90mm (3.5")	170mm (6.7") x 180mm (7.1") x 90mm (3.5")	182mm (7.2") x 208mm (8.2") x 92mm (3.6")	248mm (9.8") x 206mm (8.2") x 90mm (3.5")	?		175mm (6.9") x 175mm (6.9") x 95mm (3.7")	205mm (8.1") x 205mm (8.1") x 95mm (3.7")	175mm (6.9") x 205mm (8.1") x 95mm (3.7")	175mm (6.9") x 205mm (8.1") x 95mm (3.7")	190mm (7.5") x 210mm (8.25") x 100mm (3.9")	190mm (7.5") x 210mm (8.25") x 100mm (3.9")	?	200mm (8") x 200mm (8") x 83mm (3.25")		203mm (8") x 178mm (7") x 64mm (2.5")	203mm (8") x 178mm (7") x 64mm (2.5")	180mm (7.1") x 180mm (7.1") x 97mm (3.8")		Dimensions (closed) Height x Width x Depth	200mm (8") x 280mm (7") x 64mm (2.5")	200mm (8") x 280mm (7") x 64mm (2.5")	210mm (8.25") x 210mm (8.25") x 80mm (3.25")		?	170mm (8.25") x 180mm (8.25") x 90mm (3.25")	190mm (8.25") x 190mm (8.25") x 110mm (3.25")	190mm (8.25") x 190mm (8.25") x 110mm (3.25")	190mm (8.25") x 190mm (8.25") x 110mm (3.25")	170mm (8.25") x 170mm (8.25") x 100mm (3.25")	203mm (8") x 178mm (7") x 79mm (3.1")	203mm (8") x 178mm (7") x 79mm (3.1")	203mm (8") x 178mm (7") x 79mm (3.1")	240mm (9.5") x 197mm (7.8") x 120mm (4.8")	240mm (9.5") x 197mm (7.8") x 120mm (4.8")	240mm (9.5") x 197mm (7.8") x 120mm (4.8")	178mm (7") x 178mm (7") x 84mm (3.3")	212mm (8.3") x 185mm (7.3") x 96mm (3.8")	212mm (8.3") x 185mm (7.3") x 96mm (3.8")	212mm (8.3") x 185mm (7.3") x 96mm (3.8")	212mm (8.3") x 185mm (7.3") x 96mm (3.8")	240mm (9.5") x 197mm (7.8") x 120mm (4.8")	203mm (8") x 178mm (7") x 79mm (3.1")	Dimensions (closed) Height x Width x Depth
Years of manufacture	1984(?) -1985	1984(?) -1985	1985 - ?	1985 - ?	Years of manufacture	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	Late 1930's to early 1940's		?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	1980's	1980's	2023-?	?	Years of manufacture	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?					?	?	?	?	?	?	Years of manufacture
Comments	1984(?) -1985	1984(?) -1985	1985 - ?	1985 - ?	Comments	Build it yourself kit	same as Nagaoka?	same as Tachihara?						Sometimes called the "Baby"									Made by Nagaoka?			"GB" = Geared Back Shift	Website	First 4x5 from Shen Hao	Comments	Sometimes called the "Woody"	Sometimes called the "Gin-Ichi"?	Same as Tachihara Model 2	?	Made in Japan	Website					Which came first? The chicken or the egg?							Fixed bellows	Fixed bellows	Interchangeable bellows	Re-badged Wista	Re-badged Wisner	Re-badged Tachihara	Comments